Apparatus for lining pipe



Ngv. 16, 1943. F. s'rEvENs APPARATUS' FOR LINING PIPES 5l Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 14, 1939 Nov. 1'6, 1943. F, STEVENS 2,334,294

APPARATUS FOR LINING PIPES Filed Dec. 14, 1939 s sheets-sheet 2 Ngv. 16, 1943. F, ST'EVENS 2,334,294

APPARATUS FOR LINING PIPES Filed Dec. 14, 1939 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 7]', n Hed Sl'eve/s 9/3 91 9o 92.

' @2M fm.

' www `.over the inner face ofthe pipe. Q e

Patented Nev. 16, 1.943

y f ie,2,324,294

. ifArPARATUS FORLINIG'HP1?` .i FredStevens.v Birmnghm Ala-e ssignm; tb

American Cast 1Iron Pipe Company, Birmngham, Ala., a Vcorporation ofGeorgia Application December `14:, 1939, Serial No. 309,276 e j depleting.

This invention relates to a method andapparatus for lining pipes orv the like,v and moreparticularly to la method and apparatus ofthe Atype characterized wherein thelining material'is ap' plied tothe pipe or other hollovttformwhile the latter is rotating so that the lining is formed under the action of centrifugal force. C c

Various procedures'and `ppftratuslhave heetfore been proposed for'formingecementitious lin'- ings on pipes or lthe likefwllethelatter arel rotating to subject ther lining material to the action rof centrifugal force, as for exai'nplel by feeding or flowing the lininggmaterial lengthwise of the y pipe while distributing the same by means of lades, strikes, or other similarpgauging orspreading elements-or bydepositing the .lining material spirally on the inner face ofthe pipe fromfan axially traveling outlet While Vsubjectinglihe de` posited material tothe faction'ofrollers, brushes,` I

or other similar wiping or smoothing contrivances,

Aor by vdiscliarging a trough which extends` the full length of the pipe `andthen spreadingfand l Ariether ehjeet of thisinvehtieh is 'te'tirevide an improved m characterizedwhich V assures the formation of the material @Crass c v teriall, already depositedwelther by way of introecharacterized which provides for the expeditious c 4 lining so that the 4time tlfle-pipeis` smoothing the depositedfmaterial, letcr.,`b1tr4 all such procedures with whichfarn familiar'v are c,

subject tovarious objections;

It is en object of this invention 'to tieviae-feh improved method and apparatusfor lininggpipes or the like which assures th'attlie lining nia.-V

terial closelyxadheres to the 4inner-su1fface`fof the: f pip.esovthat a strong,`durable andpermanent,

lining is therebyformed.` c 4 ,e

1 Another object of this inventionis to provide an improved method and apparatus ofthe type charproperly troweledf as well4 as j spread uniformly l Another object of this invention is to an. improved vmethod and apparatus ofthe type 'which is productive of a lining-of improvedchai- ,characterized which( "i forming offthe be readily applied lining underI conditions whereby the inner surface lthereof isirelndered smooth'and regular so as to I minimize` frictional losses therethrough. v n c l n y VAnother'object of the invention'is to provide from the flow of and apparatus offthe type does not involve the f low'of the inner surface of `lining maan.y improved'.` method duction'o'f the lining material `or by'wayofwithdrawal of undesiredmaterials. 't

Another object of `this invention is to provide an improved 'method and-apparatus of theA type in the machineis cut down to aminimum Another object of this invention 1s to provide improved'apparatus of theY typefcharacterized ywhich is highly efcient in'operation, which'can to the lining of pipesv of `difierent diameters, which iskflefxible infuse.

se" that desired speedsv and ratiosof pipe rotation,v material depositiony Y y e which is easyito control and adinet, and which 1s material feed, etc., may beniaintained,

strong and durable. g Anotherobject of 1 H n an improved method of the type characterized acteristics. l

f acterized which assuresthat the lining material'is l provide j characterized which providesa lining of l substan-l` tially uniform thickness 'and' characteristics throughout `theinterior-of the "pipe: c i

Another object of this invention an improved method and: apparatusof the ,type characterized which can be empleyed to form relettveiyfthih es wen es thiekiinihgsjef substanctislly uniform thickness and' characteristics.`

isl to provide I lio' Another object `of this invention' isV to providev v' an improvedmethod and apparatus of the typeA characterized which by Alayingr ajrelatively thin lining of proper characteristics lining material is conservedfand the time of Asetting is shortened.

Another'object' of thisrinvention is to provide an improved method and apparatus ofthfetype lining'to be closely gaug'ed. l

characterized whichenables the thickness ofthe same reference cli `,"4i5

' grammatic incharacter, to illustrate a fllig;A lois a section taken at f 50 Other objects of thisinventionfwill appearas `the.4 description thereof proceeds; v

I Theinvention is capable of receiving a variety of mechanical expressions; some of which are shown onthe accompanying purposes of illustration only,` and are not-to be construed as a denitionlofthe' limitsof the' inventiom reference, being" had to the appended `claimsforjthis purpose.V j` n 3 .1 y t Referringin detail to the drawings Wheremthe vraoterslare employed t`o` designate corresponding parts in the several figures. Fig. 1f is elengitudinaifeievetien, somewhat dtav preferred embdiment et the present invention; l

- 4 right anglesto Fig. 1 to illustrate more par oularly themeans for raising] the pipes fromA the "rollers which rotate thefsame while the lining is being formed; Fig.` v2 lis va yfragme'ntary enlarged longitudinal section through the mechanism `for feeding the lining material to the interior ofthe pipe;V

ethod and apparatus lof the type i this invention` is toprovide i y drawings,` butit is to` be expressly understood that the drawings are for y similarlysecuredto Fig. 3 is a further enlarged lfragmentary longitudinal section showing in plan one preferred nozzle and shoe construction;

2,334,294l I the machine may include a stop I4 and the rolle ers 2 and 3 may be suitably designed in a Well Fig. 4 is a cross sectional View of another emv bodimen't;

Figs. 5 and 6 are exploded views of the embodiment of Fig. 4, but to different scales;

Figyl is a transverse section @f another ernbodiment;l V

Figs. 8 'and 9 a the nozzle and shoe of the embodim but to a diierent scale; and

re 'plan and .sectional Views df Figs. 10 and 11 are longitudinalfseotionsfofftwoi other embodiments of the presentyinvention.

Referring rst to Fig. l, tlief'rnachineafoft' present invention includes-"suitabie*"nreehariis for rotating a pipe While disposed `in"asubst an tially horizontal position; vanti :f: mechanism f z for ent of Fig,

feeding the lining material .longitudinally of the.

rotating pipe, the latter including means"`for feeding the :liningY material to the interiorioflthe pipe .andimeans fontraversingtheeeding. means llongitudinally ,oi-, the vrpipe'. ln .'ooider @that the :machineIl n rayx handleipipes of. d ierfent'ldiameters, -liningmateri-als iofedifferent 5chai=aoteristics,' etc.,

"fthe means ifor :rotating the pipe; )the means jlfor feedingthe lining material a'id" t h'e .n1 e`a ns"`for ftraversing -lthefff-eedng means arepprferaljlyiacf.tuatect,byeseparate-motors. subienctgto.- independent control, :so ethat'fa @wide ...Variety ,--0f= vllfllffhShips l may. be ,maintained lbetweenltheiratelof rotation f ofthe-pipe:tneratelcffeed;@from immemateriai ...and -theeratetof,traverse ,of .the feeding means However, while it is;,preferired.rtoernplo3nseparate driving means for.the}three foregoing instrumen- ,.ftalities,l such is friet essential; proyiedfithat 'the ,-severalfdrivling means :aresuitably egniplped .with means- .whereby `eac 'trolledato' provide thedesire'drange. of J,speeds 'for r.the:resp ectiyefinstrumentalities;

vhs-shown; thepipe .to be lined,.ydesignateV mounted -.in rasubstantiall-y zhoriznntalpositonlin `.contacibwiththey upper arcs of.pairs..,fgadjac`ent suitable rails or tracks disposed at right angles to the axis of the shafts l and 5, as shown atf'lt j iFigwlaLgand the lined pipes may be removed from the machine by corresponding rails or v-s at'- the othervsiole of the rollers, as shown atISlin'iFigld. Toy raise an ongitudinally extending member disposed .Substantially fini the. midvertical plane between the shafts 4 and 5 is provided adjacentthe opposit'e-'ends thereof (see Fig. la) with pairs of piv- ,otedi arms I fand ISL. and said member ITI; -issconifie'cteclfto aplunger yo rpist )n 2Q' which works; in :a

.cylinder .21 under 4vhydraulic o r.l pneumatic zrpres- 'sure. When ..the.plunger 20 is. elevated, fthefarms I8' and LIS fareobrought .intohorizontal,fposition f wherein .theyare in .alignment witlflthe upper faces of the rails .I5 yariel-I5 Ls c' -tliat.-apipe ontlie rails I5 may berolled ontosaidarms I8V and I, or`y a pipe raised .by the; arms I8. Z and I 9 A,is zin-3a positiontoperoued.onto therein it. 4- when the, ,plungeriZil is in itslowered position, as sho-wrigin :Figglhe' outer endsoftliearms.I-Elfandli9 are- `gengaged i with, ,suitable stops .2 2 ,andy inner rpivoted y`ends Aoffsaid larms. ar by 'member-ll l Lto' ja :position such .that the arms fare V out oficontaotlwith vtheQpipefI, 4which is now 23 while the llllportcdentirelybyfthe rollers .2. and: 3.

, Extendinglengthwise of `the machinelarfe rails# Monted on theEcarriage'.Zoetany-suitable loca y tion'islfa 'I`r '1o tc r,'. ,diagranimatieallyy indicated iat 28, which -islsfuitably connected V.as by: chains-5 A2.3 to

[said .Wheels 21,150 as =.t,rotate saidwheels land x 15 thereby movel the Ycarriage.;2t longitudinally.- of

tween the axes of saidrollers.A

; u-Rollers 2fandqifrnayfbe:mountedarid driyen'in 1 lOf said roller :shafts suitable fantifrietion A'fand .-5 .beingamonntd 1in bearings e5 supported on fromthelbase. of ,or .sup-

gpositivelydriven in anysuitable wayeas'bych'ains 'S cooperating with sprockets-Jand. Llrespec':k vely,

's mounted:` onfthe roller Shafts and the., shaftoff an electric orzother--r suitable motor LI, here shown as 4{diem-sed in ra ,-pit. ..l.2 .bje1ow. the `.machine. vll/Ijeans.arepro dedsoi-tlratatwide.rangei'of speeds f .of vrotation fmvbeimparted .totthelrollersz and 3,l as by varying-. the-fspeedof the `mo.tor"` yiisinge speedw changer "'ag'rammatically ndidated *sneed lcontrolli mayfbe,-. employedf between the sur :fandthe l.rollerl .shafts sogas A,to obtain .frange 'of .speedsg l.,To.,retaingth'ejpipain 'apre' ci e terrnined,positionrdnririgithe;notationofthasanie, ,775' -is lpreferably of a smaller diameter, said feed tube saidfrails A The motorY 2.8 includes; or has associtateo'inlereiizith,anysuitatie speed-'Controlling or speed changing mechanism, Adiagrammatical'ly in.;-

dio'atedf by .the rectangle 39, whereby ...the speed lo'f., t raveise of thelcarriagel-Zg v.o'n' f. the railsf25 `rmay be suitably controlled-and variedfora pur- ,posezthatwill;` hereinafter appear. rV However, 4any means fortraversing the vcarriager 0th. A zriay ,elemployed if preferreds- Montedlon th lltable e carriage .25 islaframel Lwhich v.s iarriage,.as-1 b yipivotingy the frarnefto .the `carriage @Oman-axis .extending longitudinally of lthe 'car- Lri'age o that the yreed kfortl-ie'lining lmaterial now tofbe Ldescribedirnay be raised or-loweredginto alignment withtheaiies of-pipesr ofrdifferent sizes supportedv `onthefrollers 2 and v3. `vMounted. on saidl frame isla ,hopper 32 whichA may` be supplied withjiningmaterial in anyosuitablewayg yas by means ofalbucket 33` that may be conveniently suspended from..a carriage running.

on a rail or rails lwhich, extend .betweenytheposition shown' gland agposition suitablydocated withlrespect'to a v'oemeen-t mixer or `other mechanism for forming thelliningmaterial.v f- .l 'Hopper .32 communicates with a-feed tbe 33 ,mountedinf standardsV Se onvthe frame'SI. Cou- Vjfpled 'to said feed 'of la'feed tube'lwhicnma'y'be ,ofthe samebut d lower the pipe, a

e withdrawn may be raised and.lowered with respect 'tothe l ftube`f33 are one o-r more sections 35 being of sufklicient length so thatthe same one wherein the nozzle and shoe or shoes tobe described have traversed completely through the longest pipe length toibe linedin the machine.

Suitably journaled in the `feed'tubes 33 and 35v (see Fig. 2) is a shaft orshafts'carrying'means for feeding the liningmateria'l from the hopper 32 through the feed pipes to thenozzle to be described. As, shown, a shaft 36 is. suitably mounted in the feed tube 33 and carries a 4screw conveyor 31, and said shaft is connected to a second shaft 38 which extends the length of the tube 35 and is also provided with a screw conveyor 39. jIn the preferred enibodiment,` as -shown, Athe screw conveyor 39 is of smaller diameter and pitch than the conveyor 31,. and similarlythetube35 is of smaller diameter than the tube33.' Shaft Y33ex- Y tends through the wall of thetube 33, as shown 4,

at 40, and is provided withjsuitablemeans for rotating the same, asV a sprocket 4I indicated in Fig.`2. As shown inFig. l, sprocket 4l is' driven by chain 42 from a sprocket 43 mounted on the shaft of an electric motor 44 supportedonthe frame 3|. Motor 44 includes or has associated therewithsuitable speed controlling or changing mechanism diagrammatically indicated at 45 so that the speedoi rotation of the. shafts 36 and 38 may be varied through the ,desiredrange in order to vary the speed at which the lining material is.

fed through the feed tubes 33 and 35. As understood, a single motor with separate speed con*` VJtrolling means could be mounted on the carriage, if preferred.

In orderto of the feed tube and screw conveyor, a bracket 45 is mounted on the frame of the machine and provided with antifriction rollers 41 tocooperate with the -tube 35, while intermediatev bracket 46 and carriage v2&5, a `carriage 48 mounted on wheels 49 is` designedtorun `on the rails 25 uand carry one or more rollers 50 that vsupport the tube 35 intermediate its length. The supports for the rollers 41 and 5l)A are made vertically,Y adjustable as shown at 5I and 52 so that they may befprop` erly positionedV for cooperation with tube 35 'as it isv raised or loweredto be alignedwwith Athe axes of pipes of' different diametersb As will be apparent, the tube 35 with its screw conveyor vis supported at one end by the frame carried by support therelatively long length 3 curvaturejthan the inner surface ofthe pipe to be -linedand rounded or beveled at its ends.

Shoe 58 is provided in any suitable way with interior lugs 59 by which said-shoe maybe attached intermediate of its length to'corresponding lugs 60j formed on or suitably attached to a curved memberi from which extends a U-shaped strap 62 of such size that it is adapted to embrace noz-` zle 54 as clearly shown in Fig. ll.v TheV shoe 58 is thus floatingly'y mounted on said nozzle 54 so that under the action of gravity it may adjust itself to function as hereinafter explained. lIn order to properly guide the shoe 58 in its movements the legs of the U -shaped member 62 may be provided with slots 63, as shown in Fig. 5, to receive the ends of a pin 64 carried by a U-shaped bracket 65 `mounted on and suitably secured to the nozzle 54. `In this embodiment the weight of the `shoe determines the pressure of theshoe on the lining material, and it may be given` the desired weight,` or be loaded, so asV to obtain Vthe desired pressure.

Another embodiment of the present invention, which now isthe preferred vconstruction for lining the smaller sizes of pipes, is illustrated in f Figs.

'7,8 and 9. lHerethe nozzle 65 is readily attachable to and detachable from the pipe by means of a threaded coupling nut 66.' Secured to the nut 66 in anysuitable way is a resilient arm 61 which carries adjacent its free end a lug 68 to which the shoe 69, which may be arcuate, channel shapedor otherwise rounded in transverse cross section, is pivotally attached in any suitable way, as by means of a pin 10 extending through said lug 68 and lugs 1I formed on or suitably attached to the rear of the shoe E9, said pin being retained against displacement in any suitable Way as by cotter` pins 12. Thus the shoe Bills floatingly mounted,` as in the embodiment of Figs. 2 to 6, but whereas in the embodiment of Figs. 2 to 6 gravity is the only'force acting on the yieldingly mounted shoe, in the embodiment of Figs. '7 to 9 the'inherent resiliency of the arm` 61 assures that the-shoe B9'shall be pressed against the `lining material under a uniform elastic force which is determined by the resiliency of said arm.

In the embodiments of Figs. 2 to 9 inclusive the Y nozzle 54 or 65' is shown as delivering the lining the carriage 26, and is prevented from sagging by the rollers 41 and 50, the latter being mounted on the carriage 48 which is moved lengthwise of the machine by the .irictionalactionl of pipe 35 thereon. Q j l Communicating with the. feed tube 35 is a noz` zle `54 with which is associated one orv more shoes as generally indicated in Fig. 1. As shown in the figures now to be described the nozzle and shoe unit may take a varietyof forms but the unit or` at least the Ashoe partr thereof is preferably readily attachable and detachable so that different sizes may be quickly installed for pipes of diiferent diameter.` Y

In the embodiment shown in Figs. 2 to 6 and which now is the preferred construction for lin` ing the larger vsizes of pipes, the nozzle 54 is detachably attached to the end of the feed tube 35 in any suitable way, as by a coupling 5G, and is provided with a lateral openingor spout at 51 (see more particularly Fig. 4) which deliversthe lining material in a` lateral direction- Mounted on the nozzle, in this embodiment, isan elongated shoe 58 which is arcuatein cross section y.

material forward of that edge of the shoe toward which the inner periphery of the pipe is rotating, as is preferred, butit is within the purview of the broader aspects 4of this invention to deliver the lining material from the endvof the `pipe 35 or by an axially extending nozzle onto the b ack of the shoe, as shown at 14 in Figs. 10 and l1, the lining material flowing from the rear of the shoe to the inner surface of the pipe. Here, as in the otherl embodiments, the ends ofthe shoes are preferably beveled or rounded at the ends in an axial direction.

Figs. l0 and l1 alsoillustrate other features of the present invention which may be incorporated in the embodimentsheretofore described as well as in those now tobe described. In Fig. 10 a'pair of shoes 15 and `'l are suitably supported from the end of the pipe35, or the nozzle when used as' preferred, the lower shoe preferably being ma-` teriallylarger than the Aupper' shoe because it supports the'weight Vof theendV section of tube 3 5 with its conveyor and contained material. As

shown in Fig. l0 each shoe'is pivotally mounted at 1l, as by means of a lug or lugs formed on or suitably attached to the rear of the shoe and a pin extending through said lug or lugsand the eye at the endof a resilient arm 18 suitably at- 4 .tached .tothe -coupling.sleevefl8. In thisembodiincnt fthe .tension .ofgeach resilient .1B may .bev adjust'edland predetermined .by imfeans of 2a .set screw 8D .extending ,through .the arm .7.8 .into contact .withthe outerfsurface of the nozzle or `pipe SEand .retained in adjusted position .by a locknut Si. Alike. adjusting means; could'for example, be readily associated with the resilient arm 68 of the embodimentfof Figs. .fl toy 9. I

. In the-embodimentof- Figli thel two shoes $3 yand 84 are mounted. Vby means of Ypivots 85 on linksSS `which in lturnare pivoted` at 81 on suite able rlugs formedon or attached to the,f nozzle or .the-endofthe-pipe 35. ,The pivot mountings may .be loose,.ifdesired,seas to give someuniversality -to the movements .of each shoe.A v.To .impose a .predetermined resilient tension on said yshoes one ,orgmore-.coil springs 88 reactbetween the shoes and .are `cen-teredby mea-ns of projectingposts 3d on shoe t@ vand threaded. posts 9,8 .onshoe 3S, lposts all carrying nuts Mwhereby thetension of spring 88 may be adjusted and thenlecked by nuts 92. Other forms of springs and other manners of mounting the springs may be used if preferred. Such spring .or springs, -for example,

could also beassociatedwith a vfloatingly mounted shoe of the type shown in Figs. 2 to 6 inclusive.

Fig. vil also illustrates an additional feature which may be incorporated vin any of the fore- .going embodiments, to wit, means for predeter- -rnining the thicknessof the lining and preventing theshoe or shoesl from .contacting the inner face of the pipe. As hereshown, each shoe is provided `with one or morepairs of set screws 93 whichproject through threaded apertures in the shces and preferably have hardened,.rounded end .surfaces for .contact with the inner face. of the pipe.v Said set screws Amay be adjustedto predetermine. the spacing of the outer face of each shoe from the inner face. of the pipe and locked in .adjusted position, as by lock nuts 94.- Thus the .spacing `of the .face of the shoe from the inner periphery of the pipe vmaybe predetermined in advance, and While these-set screws will initially f-orm grooves in the lining material, suchgrooves are wiped out by the troweling action Aof the shoe .or shoes and the Icentrifugal action to which the lining is subjected. Obviously such means for predetermining the spacing between the shoeor shoes and the inner `facefof the pipe may be einployed whether one or more shoes are used and -whether the shoe is mounted on a resilient arm as vin Figs. 7 to .10,.or for actuation only by gravity as in Figs. 2 to v6, as well as inother embodiments of .the `present invention.

While kone shoe vis at present preferred and it is at present preferred to mount such shoe on a resilient arm, as in therembodiments'of- Figs. 7 to 9, if the shoe is not mounted to oat under gravitational action only as in Figs. 2 to 6, it is to be expressly understood that it is within 'the broader aspects of the present invention that any suitable number of` shoes may. be used and said shoes may be mounted in any suitable way, so long as the purposes andresults of the present invention are accomplished, differentsizes of pipes and .diierent characters and consistencies of lining .material presenting different conditions under which Variations in` thersize, number of shoes and character of their mounting may be desired. Thus in place of a single shoe as shown at TE or 84 in Figs.. l0 and 11, a pair of aligned shoes, 'of shorteroverall length than thelonger shoe, may be preferredundersome conditions, andsaid shoes may be floatingly mounted or resilientlyactuated as in-the embodiments heretofore described.

vIt is sometimes .desirable to vibratey theppe during some or all of the period when the lining is being laid, and vvfor this purpose any suitable means as notched rollers, vibrators, etc., may be used. Thus in the embodiment of Fig. 2therey has been diagrammatically .indicated at Sana, pneumatically operated vibrator, orl it could be a mechanically operated hammer, which can be supported or actuated independently of thefeed mechanism for the lining material, or it may be carried on an arm 96 suitably attached to the feed tube or the carriage therefor, sothat said vibrator will be maintained radially opposite the shoe throughoutl the period of placement of. the

lining! material. Y, f

In operation, a pipe to. be lined, and whose interior has been carefully cleaned, though it may be moist, is suitably moved into position as by rolling the same along the rails I5, although a crane or the like could be used if preferred, until fthe pipe assumes the position shown at I in Fig'la. Having regard to the diameter of the pipe .and character of lining'materal to be used, pipe l is rotated frominotor Il through rollers 2 and 3 at that speed which is suitable, in accordance with the .present invention, for the placement of the lining material. vThe frame 3l havingbeen suitably adjusted von' carriage 26 so as-to bring the axis of feed tube 35 substantially into alignment with-the axis of the pipe to be lined, and a suitable charge of lining material having been deposited in the hopper 32, as byv means of the dump bucket 33', `motor 44 is operated to feed the lining material lthrough the tubes 33 and 35 until it reaches the nozzle 54 (if the tube is Vnot already full from a prior operation of the machine). Then the carriage 26 is advanced untilthe nozzle is just within the end of thepipe, .the bell end 'of the' pipe preferably being the end atwhich the coating operation is started.y The .speeds ofthe motorsv 28' and 44,. or their associated change speed mechanism 30 and 45 respectively, are now properly adjusted sov as to obtain the desired speed of traverse of the nozzle with .its shoe or shoes axially ,of the pipe, and `the desired speed of rotation of the feed screws 31 and 39 to deliver the lining material through the nozzle at the, desired rate of ow, it being understood that dependingV upon the ness of lining desired, the character of: lining material employed, etc.,`the axial speedvof .the nozzle and the rate'of delivery of the lining Inaterial are so varied as -to assure a suitable rate of placement of the lining material taking inw consideration also the rate :of rotation of vthe pipe by the rollers 2 and 3. By maintaining the desired ratio between those speeds the vthickness of the lining to be formed may be nicely predetermined.

Any suitable means ymay be employed for rassuring that a uniform and continuous ow of the lining material to and by thefeed screws is maintained. Thus thehopper 32 may be provided with its own feed screw, or it may be proa vided with aplunger that is actuated pneumatically, hydrostatically, mechanically or by grav' ity,.or any other suitable means may be employed for advancing the lining material through the hopper, to avoid arching or voids and interruptions in its delivery of the lining material lto the feed screws-3l and 39. The larger feed'screw 3l not onlyadvances'the lining material'axially size of the pipe, vthe thickintcrintimate` Contact with the inner surface of the pipe to effect a firm and permanent adhesive bondr At.,the sameY time, the lining material is beingtroweledlby the shoesso as to improve its the reduction in cross section in the 'path of ow of the lining. material. However, itis to be understoodthat, feedtubesof two different diameters are not essential Vwithin the broader aspects of the present invention, as a feed tube of uniform diametenwhether of larger or smaller `diametenrand a continuous feed screwofthe samev pitch and sizek throughout, may be employed` if preferred. `While one or morefeed screws are preferred for `feeding the lining mae terial through the tubes 33 and35, it -is also to be understood that within the broader aspect of.4 this invention other suitable means, as a hy-v draulically operated ram or the like, maybe used. for flowing the lining material Ato andthrough the nozzleor the like. I L

The,character and consistency of the `lining material l'may vary ,Within relatively wide"1imits,`

depending upon the use to which the pipe is to. be put, its size, desired thickness of lining, etc.

The preferred lining 4material for ordinaryuse is a mixture of sand and cement, andagain thee proportions of these `ingredientsmaysbe varied; through'a considerable` range depending juponr the character of liningdesiredand also upon the: treatment it is to undergo. For many purposes a lining material of equal parts of ne, carefullyA screened sand and cement has been found ysuitable. vThe sand and cement of whatever ratio is suitably mixed in a mixer until asatisfactory intermixture has` been effected, and it is then delivered in any suitable way, as by meansV of the dump bucket 3,3-, to the hopper 32;4 Thefquan'- tity of water used may also Vary within relatively wide limits, but the mixture ispreferably one that is relatively dry, so as to avoid the necessity.

of withdrawal of any excess wateriduring `the lining operation or the floodingof the pipe ahead of the lining material during placement.: The

mixture should be suilcientlyl moist so that aV float nish may be produced as hereinafter exmade-to againtraverse the pipefreversely, eitherV qualityand still. further eifect a uniform distribution ofthe-ingredients of the lining therethrough.-

lWhenfthe nozzle andshoe have traversed the andithe nozzle and shoeor shoes may then be wither-withouta delivery of lining material during` the :return movement. For certain sizes and usesfofp-ipe it isipreferable to apply lining material fduri'ng. the. returnmovement also. -When suchlisxdone, the rate of flow of the' lining ma-l terialduringlthe return movement `may be the` s'ameiori it-A may be altered; In any event-the troweling' actionrof theshoe assures the distribu-` y liningmaterialis worked intothe first layer of plained, but the moisturel should not be sufcient l to cause the lining material to slump or thev like erse of thenozzle along the axis of the pipe be--x4 ing predetermined and related as heretoforeexplained, and the shoe if adjustablymounted having been setto effect that lining thickness which it is desired lto obtain, the machine is now operated to cause the nozzle and shoe or `shoes to traverse the entirelength of ythe pipe, they lining material, owing to therotation of the pipe,y

thus being laid in `a helical path throughout the f length of the pipe. Where as preferred the nozzle-delivers the lining material to the inner pipe surface ahead of the leading edge ofthe shoe,

the lining material is spread axially andcircumferentially by the action of the shoe thereomthe,

shoe by reason ofthe character of itsV mounting being Vfree to move as required to properly spread the material. Whether the shoe is mounted so as to beactuated only by gravity, or whether the, shoe is also 'urged toward `the pipe by. resilient pressure, the lining material is also pressed and; scrubbed onto the inner surface of the pipe, as-

suring thatall irregularities in the pipe surface l A are lledinvand that the lining material is rubbed n the life of -the.lining; Any suitable lining :ma-

liningn'jiaterial so fas to produce a uniform and homogeneous-lining A'of equal thickness throughout-the length of the pipe. The 4return movement may be effected immediately after the laying of therst layer of lining material, or aV lapse of time may intervene so as to 'allow the nrstlayerv to-setfsomewhat.rHowever, itis preferred not troweledas heretoforeexplained, the nozzle and shoeffare withdrawn-from the interior of the pipe,

andthespeed of rotation of pipe is then mate-` rially increased so that additional centrifugal" foreis applied to the laid lining material to further 'Y Qimprov'e' 1 its characteristics, adhesion, uniformity, etc., but morev particularly to bring contained moisturetothe inner surface thereof so as to produce a"float finish. As soon assuch finishA appears the" machine is stopped, `the hydraulicram 2l `i`sopera`ted to lift the arms I8 and AI9 virito'alignment,with fthe traclm I6, and the lined pipe is then` rolled outof the machinealthough las before indicated a crane or other suitable transporting means may be used if prefe're'd.` Y

`The-lined pipeis'- then allowed to stand for a suitable periodso as -to set the lining, this period lbeingat vleast'` seven or eight hours, and preferablylonger, after which the pipe may be providedwith an interior coating of lining material -Which willprotect the liningfrom the leaching action'loflwater or other reaction,

chemical-or physical; of the fluid on the lining thatareduces' the friction of ow and prolongs.

et, Whism spire. may be.. .lined-1. andiiiie 11min distribution of..theimmgrmateriais terial may be employed, as Abituminous materials, paints, emulsions, lacquers,"zenamels, for other waterprooiing or. protective materials, the constitution of this lining layer formingfn'o'part of the present invention'. The lined pipe is then 5 of the nozzle and shoe or shoes, even `thought/fm' 10 additional lining materialis being deposited, it is within the purview of the broader "aspects of thisiinvention toprovide .for a morera'pid movement of the carriage Aduring one direction of movement, if desired, or.. if only one working. 1,5

of the lining is desired, provision may. belinade. for feeding the nozzle. and shoe Nrapidly through the pipe without depositing` lining. material," then veieotir'ig` the. laying: of the ,liningv materials in, the manner` heretofore ...described. during;- the.; returnk .movement .ofthe carriage. It will. therefore beperceivedgthat by the present invention a relatively thin` layer off lill-f`r ingV material,v is laid progressively, in a, helical: peiihithroughout the length of the pipe.:under conditions which assure that, the liningsmatee, i lii1;.ssc9iirederiubbedcnto the surface ofithe, pipe, .at a substantially. luniform.. pressure... whetherthis pressure,y is produced; gravlatioqe. ally orresiliently, andalso welltroweled durina.u th.e fermetien .Qf..,.t1.1e.1inins.. a, relativism, tiiiiliiigef, rsf' tol/a, mayibe-.ladiwithsthsl assurance iheiiitis free of. voids..and..interrati-fv tiene. and.. has subsianiielly. uniform .thickness aad sending te iheripe;tliroushout-V AHence. tilepresent methed is. to.. bei.distinguished from-.proef @smilies-wherein the: lining. mateiial. whether-.A- dslllibiiisdieiigihwise of. the4 pipe, .bythespredejr iris means erf deposited in. a .helical f nain. and; thee.. spread by.A the action. ..0f.; blades, sellersL biiisiies. Oi? .the .1ik..e,.. is..1.i.et` siileiee.ted.'.tu.aiunire.v form pressure .that trewelsaiid. seriibsgihefliiiirss.

mieriel. against the inner., suriaeesoi;meanings;

B5! meeiis. 0f the. presepi..inventioniheslieinsi.

ine' linine...1i,ie.ieriei and medecins. smallest diiiieiisieri ef iiie internal; .erossiseetion esfiiie pipe, bili. eisfe iiieie.riallif..iriereasizxsgiliessrzeesisL seibes'fiiise 0f; the thinner .layer Q .f materia VelYesi,

The. meshes. .0i the present.. iiireiiiiers a, prevides 1 fer ,the lining. .beine....made, f eiland the fseeeniiieyeriiiieihe firsts@ e pisseuses:t e leyes .ef `iiriifeifmiiiie1 eess-but hemeeeiieousi in. eess sessies .Orfeiiereierere esire .s iiiiekiiess has been .depesiied itiiiar .Jee iecltdfie le. seeei'i'd iieweiirie. eeiiea by :ansie ireveis'e 0f the. shee iiiereeeiess-wiiiieiii sie@ iieii eieddiiieiieif. lining.. iri.e.ie.=.i.ii.i1,.,l vv-.neustadt or more layers of' lining material are laidgrggf tlQWSd wgetbf. as .WClLaS WEER 091.5? sasfilgle layer. isfleidthegpipe maythereaiier ,I at. .the ,desired speed .endian iliesdesiredilengtu OWS. .'Q PlOdMCC .ai .desefl.: TlSI., 0n the, ingredients .Offthe lining-materia s.` closed mamy, copendinaapplicaion .Serial Non, 303,271,101". which this is.acompaniomapplicam7 tionfgii. such .is desired, thenfact. that homos... geneouslining has .rstbeem obtained alsx;v.,as=. suring. that the 1 centrifugal;",actionx.;thereaitem, applied will .secure a .uniformfect in.i.lthe::refie.

aeaseei It willfurtherf beperceivedthat the machine i ofthe `'present invention is possessed of many important'advantages .--It'may be readily Lads justedto act on pipes of a-wide varietyof diameters; and the speeds feed arid nozzle traversefmay be readily adj-ustedsofas to obtain a relatively Wide -range of ratios-'between these-rspective*specds'to the' erid that they maybe correlatedwith rgard'to the sizefandcharacter ofY pipeibeing linedjthe characteristics and consistency of -the lining materiaLletc. r'At 'the same etimeffthe' machine may be readily employed-for laying" eitherY one Vor` more*layers` of thelininggmatera'fl and: when av plurality ofv layers are laid the de"- sired troweling action and thicknesslisl obtainedI Without any necessity: for adjustment ofthe mach-ine between successive l'traversesoli-the` nozzle and fshoe` along the 'ler-igthy ofithefpipe, inasmuch as'- the oatingly orresilientlyimountf ed?. ori actuated sho'efwilli l'adjust itself Itothel increased thickness of the liningfmateri'algcon tinuing--tof maintain a uniform pressure thereonf; and at the same'- timev troweling the top-layer 2.5-, intoithel'depositedlayer so-as-to produceehovmogeneityinthe lining-material; g *While the vembodiments of: theinvention'- 'illus-- tratedioni-the drawings-have been describedwitli con'siderablerv particularity, it' is to` be expresslyf 30-understood1-that the invention is`r` not limited,"

35;,inithedetailsof construction, size andiarrange-s" ments of.: parts, certain features:illustratedionly in .conjunction with certain embodiments-may used with other, embodimentsand various come binationsUo-f the disclosed 1 features may 'begem-"f 40,. ployed; whiley equivalentsmay be -substtutediiorf' features. of :construction and procedure disclosedt' alli as k.willi be apparent tothose skilled in the'y art, Referenceis thereforetobe had 'to the -appendedfclaims for *aA denition i of-fv this inventions' What .is.claimed is:'- y .1."Inai;machine fori-lining alpipe/ofthe'type'V employingipipe.'rotatingmeans, means supported' onlyeiteriorlyoff-theI Vpipe' and imovable axial-1y' 1 oftllierpipe.' for feedingr jmoist dining material :tofgthe interior of the pipe'- andfhaving a nozzle" through: whiclii-lining material i'sejected introy the pipeg-an'd means for trovvelingv and-scrubbingthe liningtmaterial onto f the inner-surf ace oi`V said pipe mounted Jon-said nozzle inapproximate Aalignment# pliedvpi'essure ontheliningv v material.

251 In a machine vfor lining a pipe' of` thetype iroluemployin'g pipe-rotatng-means, means supportedLA the lining material onto the inner` surface of rsaid 5; pipegilsad'I means including f an axiallyi'elongatedv shbelin approximate alignment with said 'noz'zlef jtransversely i of` the pipe forz acting on]- the- 'lin'li 01. ingimate'rial `deposited bysaid nozzle,-and lmeans s of 'pipe v rotation,- material.

ofthe pipe for feeding moist lining material to the interior ofthe pipe, 4a nozzle throughwhich lining material is ejected into the pipe, and means for troweling and scrubbing the liningfmaterial onto the inner surface of said pipe, said means including an axially elongated shoe in appropriate alignment with said `nozzle transversely of the pipe for acting on the lining material deposited by said nozzle, and means iioatingly mounting said shoe on said nozzle and resiliently urging said shoe into contact with said lining material.

4. In a machine for lining a pipe of the type employing pipe rotating means, means supported only exteriorly or" the pipe and movable axially of the pipe for feeding moist lining material to the interior of the pipe, a nozzle through which lining material s ejected laterally into the pipe, and means for troweling and scrubbing the lining material onto the inner surface of said pipe, said means including an axially elongated shoe mounted on said nozzle in approximate alignment therewith transversely of the pipe, said shoe being floatingly mounted on said nozzle to exert a substantially uniform but yieldingly applied pressure on the lining material and having its axially extending leading edge positioned in substantially vertical alignment with the exit from said nozzle to receive the lining material deposited by said nozzle.

5. In a machine fo-r lining a pipe of the type employing pipe rotating means, means supported only exteriorly of the pipe and movable axially of the pipe for feeding moist lining material to the interior of the pipe, a nozzle through which lining material is ejected into the pipe, and means for troweling and scrubbing the lining material onto the inner surface of said pipe, said means including an axially elongated shoe mounted on said nozzle in approximate alignment therewith transversely of the pipefor acting on vthe said lining material deposited by said nozzle, and means associated with said shoe for floatingly mounting the same on said nozzle, and including means for predetermining the distance of the surface of said shoe from the inner surface of the pipe.

6. In a machine for lining a pipe of the type employing pipe rotating means, means supported only exteriorly of the pipe and movable axially of the pipe for feeding moist lining material to the interior of the pipe, a nozzle through which lining material is ejected into the pipe, and means for troweling and scrubbing the lining material onto the inner surface of said pipe, said means including an axially elongated shoe mounted on said nozzle in approximate alignment therel with transversely of the pipe for acting on the said lining material deposited by said nozzle, means mounting said shoe to float `on said nozzle and including a resilient means, and means for adjusting said resilient means to predetermine the pressure of said shoe on said-lining material.

'7. In a machine for lining a pipe of the type employing pipe rotating means, means supported only exterior'ly of the pipe and movable axially of the pipe for feeding moist lining material to the interior of the pipe, a nozzle through which lining material is ejected into the pipe, and means for troweling and scrubbing the lining material onto the inner surface of said pipe, said means includ'- ing an axially elongated shoe mounted on said nozzle in approximate alignment therewith transversely of the pipe and before whose leading edge said lining material is deposited by said nozzle, and means for mounting said shoe on said nozzle -so that it may float and exert a substantially applied pressure on ythe of the pipe for `feeding moist lining `material to the interior of the pipe, 'anozzle through `which liningmaterial is ejected into the pipe, and means for troweling and scrubbing the lining material onto the inner surface of said pipe, said means including an axially elongated shoe mounted on said nozzle in approximate alignment therewith transversely of the pipe and before whose leading edge the lining material is deposited by said nozzle, and resilient means for mounting said shoe so that it may float and exert a substantially uniform but yieldingly applied pressure on the lining material.

9. In a machine for lining Ya pipe of the type employing pipe rotating means, means supported only exteriorly of the pipe and movable axially of the pipe for feeding moist lining material to the interior of the pipe, a nozzle through which lining material is ejected into the pipe, and means for troweling and scrubbing the lining material onto the inner surface of said pipe, said means including an axially elongated shoe mounted on said nozzle in approximate alignment .therewith transversely of the pipe and before whose leading edge said lining material is deposited by said nozzle, and means slidingly mounting said shoe on said nozzle so that it may float under the action of gravity and exert a substantially uniform pressure on the lining material.

-10. In a machine for lining a pipe, the combination of means for rotating the pipe at `varying speeds, a carriage adapted to be driven at varying speeds axially of the rotating pipe and having its entire support exteriorly of the pipe, means supported only by said carriage for feeding moist lining material to the interior of the pipe at varying rates, and means for delivering the lining material along a helical path onto the inner periphery of said pipe including a nozzle, an axially elongated shoe in approximate alignment with the nozzle transversely of the pipe and adapted to exert a troweling and scrubbing action on the deposited lining material, and means mounting said shoe yieldingly on said nozzle to eifect a substantially uniform pressure of said shoe on the lining material.

11. In a machine for lining a pipe, the combinati on of means for rotating the pipe at varying speeds, a carriage adapted to be driven at varying speeds axiallyrof the rotating pipe and having its entire Asupport exteriorlyof the pipe, means supported only by said carriage for feeding moist lining material to the interior of the pipe at varying rates, and means for delivering the lining material along a helical path onto the inner periphery of said pipe including a nozzle, an axially elongated shoe in approximate alignment with the nozzle transversely of the pipe and adapted to exert a troweling and scrubbing action on the deposited lining material, and means mounting said shoe yieldingly `on said nozzle to effect a substantially uniform pressure of said shoe on the l lining material, said last named means including a resilient arm on which said shoe is pivotally mounted. f

12. yIn a machine for lining a pipe, the combination of means for rotating the pipe at varying speeds, a carriage adaptedto be driven at varying speeds axially of the rotating pipe and having its entire support exteriorly of the pipe, means supported only bysaid carriage forieeding' moist lining material to the interior of the pipe at varying rates,and means for'deliveringthe lin-ing material alongarhelical path onto the inner peripheryl of 4said -pipe including a nozzle, an laxially elongated shoe in approximate alignment ywith the nozzle transversely of v`the'pipe and adapted toexer't'a'troweling and scrubbing action on lthe depositedllining material, and means mountingsaid-shoeyieldingly on said nozzle to effect a sub"-v stantially uniform pressure of said shoe 'on the lining material, said last named means including (-a pin and slot suspension of said shoe'from' said nozzle. y

` Y Y- FRED STEVENS. 

